There are very explicit guidelines on what is an acceptable amount of ads on a webpage. And it's not the number of them, but how much space they take up on a screen at any given time.
Google is a part of the Coalition for Better Ads (which is why they want to block ad blockers [we've gone too deep!] from Chrome). They all did studies on what was acceptable and what starts to hurt the user experience. You'd be surprised how hard you can go.
That's the beginning of the adventure. Start exploring the Interactive Advertising Bureau's guidelines too: https://www.iab.com/guidelines/
I don't have time to find any article that has everything laid out clearly for you. But I've seen them, they exist.
I can tell you this much. Ezoic, Mediavine, AdThrive, Adsense Auto Ads... they're all well aware of this stuff and aren't going to allow you to have too many ads. Yes, too many can affect you, but you'll have a hard time finding any ad network that will let you place more than is allowable, in a way that you shouldn't, if it's an automated process. If you're manually placing Adsense units then sure, you can screw yourself over.